History of Stephen Orpelian, quoted by St
[2] The term _Arkaiun_, or _Arkaun_, in this sense, occurs in the Armenian
History of Stephen Orpelian, quoted by St. Martin. The author of the
_Trikh Jahn Kushai_, cited by D”Ohsson, says that Christians were
called by the Mongols _Arkn_. When Hulaku invested Baghdad we are
told that he sent a letter to the Judges, Shaikhs, Doctors and
_Arkauns_, promising to spare such as should act peaceably. And in the
subsequent sack we hear that no houses were spared except those of a
few _Arkauns_ and foreigners. In Rashiduddin”s account of the Council
of State at Peking, we are told that the four _Fanchan_, or Ministers
of the Second Class, were taken from the four nations of Tjiks,
Cathayans, Uighrs, and _Arkaun_. Sabadin _Arkaun_ was the name of one
of the Envoys sent by Arghun Khan of Persia to the Pope in 1288.
Traces of the name appear also in Chinese documents of the Mongol era,
as denoting _some_ religious body. Some of these have been quoted by
Mr. Wylie; but I have seen no notice taken of a very curious extract
given by Visdelou. This states that Kbli in 1289 established a Board
of nineteen chief officers to have surveillance of the affairs of the
Religion of the Cross, of the _Marha_, the _Siliepan_, and the
_Yelikhawen_. This Board was raised to a higher rank in 1315: and at
that time 72 minor courts presiding over the religion of the
_Yelikhawen_ existed under its supervision. Here we evidently have the
word _Arkhaiun_ in a Chinese form; and we may hazard the suggestion
that _Marha_, _Siliepan_ and _Yelikhawen_ meant respectively the
Armenian, Syrian, or Jacobite, and Nestorian Churches. (_St. Martin,
Mm._ II. 133, 143, 279; _D”Ohsson_, II. 264; _Ilchan_, I. 150, 152;
_Cathay_, 264; _Acad._ VII. 359; Wylie in _J. As._ V. xix. 406. Suppt.
to _D”Herbelot_, 142.)
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